Coral reefs are marine structures created by calcifying coral animals and their algal symbionts. Coral reef ecosystems are generally high in biodiversity, most often found in shallow tropical seas ...

One study examined how lichen holobionts, which include the fungal host, algal symbionts, and bacterial communities, respond to changes in elevation. Researchers found that as elevation increased ...

The corals, too, seemed stressed by the balmy waters. As the summer wore on, many grew pale or bone-white, a sign that they were losing their algal symbionts. “Normally there’s parts of the reef that ...

For three days during their first week of development, the larvae and their algal symbionts were treated to temperatures 2.5 degrees Celsius above ambient temperature, similar to expected changes ...