In the water molecule, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms share electrons in covalent bonds. There are a total of 10 protons and 10 electrons, so the water molecule is neutral. The electron cloud model ...

Energy is required to break a covalent bond between two atoms to overcome the attractive force. Bond breaking is an endothermic process. The opposite is true if we want to make new bonds.

The atoms bond because there is a strong enough attraction in both directions and room for the electrons in the outer energy level of the atoms. Electricity causes the rearrangement of electrons and ...