The way that plants process nutrients has a rich back story—they rely on enzymes that have been evolving for billions of years. However, these enzymes are often loosely understood, leaving ...

By using automated directed evolution, the researchers were able to further engineer this enzyme to have the desired characteristics. The team evaluated more than 4,000 clones before identifying ...

Fully folded proteins also have distinct surface characteristics that determine ... tissues like cartilage and bone in vertebrates. Enzymes are another type of protein, and these molecules ...