that the “downside” of modernization was not unique to Japan. Virtually every country that underwent modernization beginning in the mid-19th century experienced similar paths, and students should be ...

Throughout, the process involved the search for and evolution of new models of organization and function. Japan adapted promising models from some Western nations, who had embarked on modernization ...

Remnants discovered of a train station built in the late 19th century in the southwest Japan city of Kitakyushu, originally ...