The processes led to the lithosphere, which consists of the Earth's crust and upper mantle, thinning and extending seaward.

IGGCAS researchers showed that the vigorous crust deformation and magmatism of the North China Craton can be associated with the thinning lithosphere. Its loss of stability has been considered as ...

the North American craton underwent trench retreat following flat-slab subduction but did not exhibit significant slab rollback," said Professor Liu, as reported by phys.org. "Ancient lithosphere ...