The retroviral replication cycle requires that retroviral nucleic acids integrate into the cellular DNA of the host cell. Before this can occur, the viral nucleic acids must access the nucleus.

How did viruses evolve? Are they a streamlined form of something that existed long ago, or an ultimate culmination of smaller genetic elements joined together?

Expert Rev Proteomics. 2008;5(3):507-528. Although it is widely known that HIV-1 initiates a profound global host cell response to infection, it is difficult to trace specific expression and ...

Our services for retroviruses include production of viral supernatant by transient transfection as well as assay for replication competent retrovirus. Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer has been ...