The chemical bonds and attractive forces of atoms with heavy stable isotopes are stronger than those in the more common, lighter isotopes of an element. As a result, the heavier isotopes react more ...

Nitrogen fractionation has also been used to distinguish trophic levels in migratory fish in fresh and marine environments (Hobson & Wassenaar 2008). Oxygen was the first stable isotope used to ...

The Stable Isotope Laboratory in the Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences at Western Michigan University uses known stable isotope techniques for geochemical, hydrological and other ...

Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 54, No. 4 (Jul., 2009), pp. 1403-1411 (9 pages) This study investigated the bulk nitrogen isotopic composition and fractionation of marine and freshwater cyanobacteria ...