Independent spanning trees play a crucial role in network design and routing, particularly in ensuring fault tolerance and efficient data transmission. A spanning tree is a subset of a graph that ...

Independent spanning trees (ISTs) are crucial structures in network graphs, particularly in the context of data transmission and fault tolerance. They are used to ensure that multiple paths exist ...

The network includes routers which dispatch messages, interfaces which generate messages, and links between routers and interfaces. A fat-tree topology is used. Fat-tree was found to be the most ...