Brain cells make up the functional tissue of the brain. The rest of the brain tissue is the structural stroma that includes connective tissue such as the meninges, blood vessels, and ducts. The two main types of cells in the brain are neurons, also known as nerve cells, and glial cells, also known as neuroglia. [1]

The human brain is primarily composed of neurons, glial cells, neural stem cells, and blood vessels. Types of neuron include interneurons, pyramidal cells including Betz cells, motor neurons (upper and lower motor neurons), and cerebellar Purkinje cells. Betz cells are the largest cells (by size of cell body) in the nervous system. [40]

2021年4月26日 · The adult human brain is thought to consist of around 86 billion neurons and around the same number of glial cells. Neurons are the fundamental units of the brain and are responsible for receiving sensory information from the external environment and relaying motor commands from the brain to the muscles.

2023年10月12日 · The findings provide new perspectives on the role played by cell type diversity in regional and species-specific differences across the human brain. These data can also inform the development and selection of models for different experimental questions, ranging from basic understanding to mechanisms of human disease.

2024年5月21日 · Researchers generated a high-resolution map of all the cells and connections in a single cubic millimeter of the human brain. The results reveal previously unseen details of brain structure and provide a resource for further studies. A single neuron is shown with 5,600 of the nerve fibers (blue) that connect to it.

As the first single-cell transcriptomic census of the entire human brain, this atlas provides a resource for understanding the molecular diversity of the human brain in health and disease. The Human Brain Cell Atlas v1.0 is presented for visualization and data mining through the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative’s CELLxGENE application, with the ...

2023年10月12日 · One study, which analyzed 1.1 million cells in 42 brain regions of neurotypical adults, identified specific neuronal cell types—mainly in the basal ganglia, a region involved in addictive ...

2023年3月17日 · The human brain is perhaps the most complex of all biological systems, with the mature brain composed of more than 100 billion information-processing cells called neurons. The brain is an organ composed of nervous tissue that commands task-evoked responses, movement, senses, emotions, language, communication, thinking, and memory.

2024年8月2日 · Here we present the Brain Cell Atlas, a comprehensive reference atlas of brain cells, by assembling single-cell data from 70 human and 103 mouse studies of the brain throughout major...

2024年9月30日 · As mentioned earlier, the human brain contains approximately 86 billion neurons. But that’s not all – there are also roughly 85 billion non-neuronal cells called glial cells. That’s a grand total of about 171 billion cells in a single human brain! To put that into perspective, that’s more than 20 times the number of people on Earth.