General systems theory was founded by the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy. He carved out common features from different fields of knowledge and described them in his book [58]. In the sense of general systems theory, technical systems are only one of many possible fields of application. Others would be, e.g., economics, sociology, and psychology.

Systems Theory as a General Frame of Inquiry. In regard to applications in studies of perception, systems theory can model complex intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, and human/nature interactions without reducing perceptual phenomena to the level of individual stimuli. It capitalizes on the emergence of parallelisms in different ...

2011年1月1日 · “The need for general systems theory is accentuated by the present sociological situation in science”, wrote Boulding [1956/2004, 198], “The more science breaks into subgroups, and the less communication is possible among the disciplines, … the greater chance there is that the total growth of knowledge is being slowed down by the loss ...

Together, general systems theory and cybernetic principles (Lebow and Lynn, 2017) serve as the foundation of family systems theory (FST); FST precipitated both traditional family therapy and subsequent family-based models of treatment. Prior to FST, clinical interventions typically viewed the presenting individual as the sole client and point ...

Complex systems theory evolved within the framework of general systems theory, mathematics, and philosophy in the 1960s and 1970s by integrating concepts from catastrophe theory, chaos theory, hierarchy theory, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and self-organization theory. It aims at describing the behavior of coupled human and ecological systems ...

2011年1月1日 · The STS movement was rooted in the “general systems” worldview which holds that a system is a collection of interrelated elements that work together in the service of the whole (Von Bertalanffy, 1950) and that any system is both part of a larger system and contains subsystems (Allen, O'Neill, & Hoekstra, 1984; Churchman, 1968).

2005年5月1日 · There also was considerable variety in interpretations of the general systems theory (Mesjasz, 1988, p. 296), ranging from mathematical formulations to metaphors; some even argued that GST was a meta-theory. Through all of this diversity, an essential and common element focused on the interaction of different units toward a common goal.

The origin of the general systems theory is associated with the publication in 1928 of a seminal book (Von Bertalanffy, 1928, 1968) titled Kritische Theorie der Formbildung, authored by eminent Austrian biologist and philosopher Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901–71). General systems theory (GST) is linked with cybernetics and information theory.

1985年1月1日 · This has caused general system practitioners to develop theory in more bioscientific areas of concern such as growth, hierarchical organisation and the theory of evolution. To date, much of the systems science in geography has preferred the static, mechanistic ethos of systems analysis and systems engineering.

Family systems theory has been applied to a wide variety of areas including psychotherapy in general and family therapy in particular (working from a systems framework with emotional, behavioral, or relational symptoms in individual, couples, and families); school systems; community problems (e.g., working with polarized disputes and ...